LISTS OF SPECIES

10TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE

Ch eck List the journal of biodiversity data

Check List 11(1): 1538, January 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1538
ISSN 1809-127X ©2015 Check List and Authors

First record of pleasing lacewings (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) in

Sao Paulo state, Brazil

Caleb Califre Martins* and Dalton de Souza Amorim

Universidade de Sao Paulo, FFCLRP, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratério de Morfologia e Evolucao de Diptera, Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirdo Preto,

SP, Brazil
* Corresponding author. E-mail: calebcalifre@gmail.com

Abstract: The diversity of the small family Dilaridae in the
world includes less than 80 described species, 10 of which
known for Brazil. Representatives of the family in Brazil are
known for the states of Amazonas, Rondénia, Rio Grande do
Norte, Pernambuco, Mato Grosso, Goias, Mato Grosso do Sul,
Rio de Janeiro, Parana and Santa Catarina. This note includes
the first record of the family for the state of Sao Paulo, with
the report of Nallachius limai Adams, 1970 in the Parque Es-
tadual Horto Florestal, Campos do Jordao.

Key words: Dilaridae, Sao Paulo, southern Brazil, Parque
Estadual Horto Florestal

Dilaridae, pleasing lacewings, comprises 78 described species
in the world (Zhang et al. 2014). Two subfamilies are recog-
nized, Dilarinae Newman, 1853 occurring in the Palaearctic
and Oriental regions and Nallachiinae Navas, 1914, which oc-
curs principally in the New World, with two species respec-
tively in Vietnam and southern Africa (Grimaldi and Engel
2005). The diversity of the family for the New World is re-
stricted to 18 species of Nallachiinae, all of which belonging
to the genus Nallachius Navas, 1909 (Oswald 1998; Monserrat
2005). Only ten species are known to occur in Brazil (Table 1).

The most significant difference between subfamilies is the
male genitalia. In the Dilarinae the ectoprocts are reduced and
their clasping function is transferred to the modified tergite
(Acker 1960; Adams 1970). The genitalia consist of a gonarcus
with laterally articulated gonocoxites and two submedially

Table 1. Distribution of Brazilian Dilaridae (Neuroptera) species.

States
Amazonas

Dilaridae species

Nallachius adamsi Penny, 1981

N. dicolor Adams, 1970

N. furcatus Machado & Rafael, 2010
N. infuscatus Penny, 1981

N. limai Adams, 1970

Mato Grosso, Goias, Santa Catarina
Pernambuco
Amazonas, Rondonia

Sao Paulo (new record), Parana, Santa
Catarina

N. maculatus Penny, 1981 Ronddonia
N. ovalis Adams, 1970

N. phantomellus Adams, 1970

N. potiguar Machado & Rafael, 2010

N. prestoni (McLachlan, 1880)

Santa Catarina
Mato Grosso do Sul
Rio Grande do Norte

Rio de Janeiro

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1mm

Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Nallachius limai Adams, 1970 (Neuroptera:
Dilaridae), male, from Campos do Jordao, state of Sao Paulo, southeastern
Brazil.

articulated mediuncus lobes. Nallachiinae has the ectoprocts
developed, often with a pair of modified dorsal lobes abut-
ting on a modified ninth tergite. Are found gonocoxites and
mediuncus lobes similar to Dilarinae, and a median sclerite is
presented, articulated on the gonarcus (Adams 1970).

Adults resemble hemerobiids, but they are differentiated
by ocelli-like tubercles on the head of both sexes. Female dila-
rids are recognized by their long ovipositor and males by their
typically pectinate antennae (Grimaldi and Engel 2005). Their
biology is poorly understood, except for the immature stages
of Nallachius americanus (McLachlan, 1881) (Gurney 1947;
Oswald 1998). MacLeod and Spiegler (1961) found larvae of
this species under the bark of recently dead trees (Quercus
and Liriodendrun). Larvae are predators and were successfully
reared on soft-bodied insect larvae and eggs (Penny 1981).

Nallachius limai (Figures 1 and 2) differs from the others
Brazilian species by its black labrum and male genitalia with
a dorso-lateral plate in the gonarcus. The head is pale, and
the frons and vertex broadly fuscous; the vertex tubercles are
pale and of the same size. Male have the antennae with 14-16
branches. The thorax and the abdomen are fuscous. The wings
are broad and rounded, with a wide costal area and numerous
longitudinal veins forked (Adams 1970).

The male holotype, three males and one female paratypes
of Nallachius limai were collected in Nova Teuténia, state of
Santa Catarina. Machado and Rafael (2010) examined seven
specimens from the state of Parana conspecific with the

Volume 11 | Number 1 | Article 1538

Martins and Amorim | Dilaridae in state of the Sdo Paulo, Brazil

C 1mm

N\
gcx

0,5 mm

D 0,5 mm E

Figure 2. Male of Nallachius limai Adams, 1970 (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) from Campos do Jordao, state of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A: Forewing and

hindwing. B: Head and antennae, lateral view. C: Head and antennae, dorsal view. D: Abdominal apex, dorsal view. E: Abdominal apex, ventral view.

Branches of antennae (br); gonocoxite (gcx); black labrum (Ibr); vertex tubercles (vt); radius (R1); radial sector (Rs); media anterior (MA); media posterior

(MP); cubitus anterior (CuA); cubitus posterior (CuP).

holotype: four males from Piraqua, two males from Tijucas do
Sul, and one female from Tirol das Torres.

This note reports the first record of N. limai for the state of
Sao Paulo (Figure 3). One male was collected with a Malaise
trap on 22 November 2010 in Parque Estadual Horto Florestal
(22°40'57" S, 045°27'11" W), Campos do Jordao. This biological
station was created in 1941 for an area of 8.341 hectares with
an important remnant of Atlantic Forest having a mosaic with
three distinct facies: the forest with Araucaria and Podocarpus,
altitude fields and cloud woods (Governo do Estado de Sdao
Paulo 2014). Actually, it has been shown for several groups
(Calor et al. 2006; Falaschi and Amorim 2009; Oliveira and
Amorim 2010) that the fauna in higher altitudes in the states

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e Naliachius limai Adams, 1970

N
— — w oh!
ow 20 ORM /

Figure 3. Geographic distribution of Nallachius limai Adams, 1970 (Neuro-
ptera: Dilaridae).

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Martins and Amorim | Dilaridae in state of the Sdo Paulo, Brazil

of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais is very similar
to that of the pretty well known area in Nova Teutonia where
Fritz Plaumann has collected for nearly 70 years decades, in
the state of Santa Catarina.

The identification of N. limai was made using the key in
Machado and Rafael (2010) and the original description of the
species by Adams (1970). The specimen was deposited at the
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de SAo Paulo (MZUSP).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank Renato José Pires Machado for
confirmation of the identification and comments on the
manuscript.

LITERATURE CITED

Acker, T.S. 1960. The comparative morphology of the male terminalia
of Neuroptera (Insecta). Microentomology 24: 25-84.

Adams, P.A. 1970. A review of the New World Dilaridae. Postilla 148:
1-30.

Calor, A.R., R.W. Holzenthal. and D.S. Amorim. 2006. Phylogenetic
analysis of Notalina (Neonotalina) Holzenthal (Trichoptera:
Leptoceridae), with the description of two new species from
southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1131: 33-48.

Falaschi, R.L. and D.S. Amorim. 2009. Revision of the Neotropical
Ditomyiidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). 1. The genus Nervijuncta
Marshall, 1896 (Diptera, Ditomyiidae, Ditomyiinae). Zootaxa
2219: 18-30.

Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Sobre o Parque Estadual Horto
Florestal. Available at http://www.ambiente.sp.gov.br/parque-
campos-do-jordao/sobre-o-parque/. Captured on 26 June 2014.

Grimaldi, D. and M.S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. New York:
Cambridge University Press. 755 pp.

Gurney, A.B. 1947. Notes on Dilaridae and Berothidae, with special

© Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl

reference to the immature stages of the Nearctic genera (Neuro-
ptera). Psyche 54 (3): 145-169 (doi: 10.1155/1947/78317).

Machado, R.J.S. and J.A. Rafael. 2010. Two new species of Dilaridae
(Insecta: Neuroptera) with additional notes on Brazilian species.
Zootaxa 2421: 61-68.

MacLeod, E.G. and PE. Spiegler. 1961. Notes on the larval habitat
and developmental peculiarities of Nallachius americanus
(MacLachlan) (Neuroptera: Dilaridae). Proceedings of
Entomological Society of Washington 63: 281-286.

Monserrat, V.J. 2005. Nuevos datos sobre algunas pequefias familias
de neurdpteros (Insecta: Neuroptera: Nevrorthidae, Osmylidae,
Sisyridae, Dilaridae). Heteropterus: Revista de Entomologia 5:
1-26 (http://www.heteropterus.org/pdf/n5/Heteropterus_Rev_
Entomol_5_1-26.pdf).

Oliveira, S.S. and D.S. Amorim. 2010. Four new species of
Paratrizygia Tonnoir from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Diptera,
Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae). Zootaxa 2629: 29-46 (http://www.
mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/1/zto2629po046.pdf).

Oswald, J.D. 1998. Annotated catalogue of the Dilaridae (Insecta:
Neuroptera) of the world. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 141:
115-128.

Penny, N.D. 1981. Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 2.
Dilaridae. Acta Amazonica 11: 383-390 (https://acta.inpa.gov.br/
fasciculos/11-2/PDF/v11n2a20.pdf).

Zhang, W., Liu, X.Y., Aspéck, H. and Aspéck, U. 2014. Revision of
Chinese Dilaridae (Insecta: Neuroptera) (Part I): Species of the
genus Dilar Rambur from northern China. Zootaxa 3753(1): 1-24
(doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.1.2).

Authors’ contribution statement: CCM collected the data, iden-
tified the species and wrote the text; DSA wrote the text.

Received: July 2014

Accepted: November 2014
Editorial responsibility: Marcelo Pereira

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